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Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. A detailed explanation of the origin of the traditional English name Bombay says it was derived from a Portuguese name meaning “excellent bay.” Mumbai is based on what was once an archipelago of seven islands: the island Bombay, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and Isla de la Vieja (also known as Small Colaba). Mumbai has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry according to Köppen classification, with seven months of drought and the peak rainfall in July. The cold season is December-February followed by summer season from March to June period from June to about the end of September is the monsoon season of south-west, and in October and November form the post-monsoon season. From June to September monsoon rains hit the southwestern city. pre-monsoon showers are received in May Sometimes the northeast monsoon showers held in October and November. The average annual temperature is 27. 2 ° C (81. 0 ° F), and mean annual precipitation is 216. 7 centimeters (85 31. In). The city itself is the world’s most populous, with about 14 million people. With the neighboring suburb of Navi Mumbai and Thane, which is the world’s fourth largest metropolitan area, with about 19 million people. Mumbai is located on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbor. From 2009, Mumbai has been appointed as a global city. Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment center of India, producing 5% of India’s GDP and accounts for 25% of production industrial, 40% of maritime trade and 70% of transactions capital for the economy of India. Mumbai is home to major financial institutions like the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange of India and headquarters of many Indian companies and multinationals. The city also houses India’s film in Hindi and television, known as Bollywood. business opportunities in Mumbai and their ability to provide a better standard of living , attracting migrants from across India and, in turn, make the city a potpourri of many communities and cultures. Mumbai culture is a mixture of traditional festivals, food, music and theater. The city offers a cosmopolitan lifestyle and diverse with a variety of food, entertainment and nightlife in the form and abundance comparable to other world capitals. the history of Mumbai as a large shopping center has led to a wide range of cultures, religions and cuisines coexist in the city. This unique blend of cultures is due to migration of people across India since the British era. Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema. Architecture the city is a mixture of Gothic, Indo-Saracen, Art Deco and other contemporary styles. Most of the buildings during the British period, the duration of Victoria and the University of Bombay, were built in the Gothic Revival. Its architectural features include a variety of European influences, such as pediments German, Dutch ceilings, wood in Switzerland, Romanesque arches, frames of Tudor and traditional traits of India. There are also some Indo-style buildings Saracens, as the Gateway of India. Mumbai has two World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Elephanta Caves. [264] Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navratri, Excellent Friday, Dussera, Moharram, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja and Maha Shivratri are some of the festivities of the city. The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an exhibition of arts that encapsulates the work of artists in the fields of music, dance, theater and film. A week long honest known as the Bandra Honest is celebrated by people of all religions. Mumbai suffers from major urbanization problems even seen in many rapidly growing cities in developing countries: widespread poverty and unemployment, poor health and poor civic norms and education for much of the population. With space at a premium, Mumbai residents often reside in cramped, relatively expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, thus requiring long journeys by public transport, crowded, and roads blocked. Many of them live in the vicinity of the bus or train, although the residents spend much time traveling south to the main shopping street. About 60% of the population in the slums of Mumbai. Dharavi, the slum of the second largest in Asia is located in central Mumbai and houses 800,000 people. In 2007, the crime rate (crimes booked under the Indian Penal Code) in Mumbai was 186. 2 per 1,00,000 population, which was slightly higher than the national average of 175. 1, but well below the average crime rate 312. 3 cities with over one million people in the country. Mumbaikar Mumbai residents are called or Bombayite Mumbaiite. Mumbai has a large polyglot population like n does it matter what other metropolitan city in India. Sixteen major languages spoken in India, Mumbai, the most common is Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and English is widely spoken and is the main language of the workforce in the city white collar. A familiar form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya-a mixture of Marathi, Hindi, English and Indian invented words, spoken in the streets. employees of the state and central government represent a large percentage the workforce in the city. Mumbai also has a large population of unskilled and semi-skilled workers, most of whom earn their living as street vendors, taxi drivers, mechanics and other collar occupations blue. Religions represented include Hindus in Mumbai (67. 39%), Muslim (18. 56%), Buddhists (5. 22%), Jains (3. 99%), Christians (3. 72%), Sikhs (0. 58%), with Parsis and Jews who make up the rest of the population. linguistic and ethnic demographics are Maharashtrians (42%), Gujarat (19%), North Indians (24%) and of South India who made up the remainder. The oldest Muslim communities in Mumbai Dawoodi Bohras include, Khoja and Konkani Muslims. Is Christian natives of India include Catholics who were converted by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The city also has a small native Bene Israel Jewish community, who migrated from the Arabian Gulf and Yemen, probably 1,600 years ago. Mumbai is composed of two distinct regions: the city of Mumbai and Mumbai neighborhood the city, which form two separate districts of Maharashtra. Mumbai as an urban entity, spans a total of 603. 4 km2 (233 square miles), while Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the Company Brihanmumbai Municipal (BMC), covers a total area of 437. 71 km2 (169 square miles), with the city covering 67 island. 79 km2 (26 square miles) and the suburbs, which covers 370 km2 (143 square miles). Besides the Bhatsa dam, there are six major lakes supply water to the city: Vihar, Lower Vaitarna, Upper Vaitarna, Tulsi, Tansa and Powai. The coastline of the city is indented with numerous coves and bays, which extends from east to Madh Marve Thane Creek on the western front. The east coast of the island is covered with mangrove swamps Salsette rich in biodiversity, while the west coast is sandy and rocky. Transportation Systems public, including in Mumbai Mumbai suburban railway, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) buses, taxis, auto rickshaws, ferries and planes, and plays a dominant role. The rail and bus services combined achieve approximately 88% of passenger traffic. Black and most yellow cabs through counters of the metropolis. Auto rickshaws operate in the suburbs of Mumbai, while taxis operate mainly in southern Mumbai. taxis and rickshaw pushes are running on compressed natural gas, and are the most convenient, economical and simple means of transport available. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus, is the headquarters of the Central Station and UNESCO World Heritage Mumbai is served by National Highway 3, Highway 4 and National Highway 8 Indian national highway system. Mumbai-Pune Highway was the first motorway was built in India, while the highway Vadodara, Mumbai is under construction. Recently, the Bandra Worli Sea bridge-Link was opened, which, with Mahim Causeway, linking the city of the island to the western suburbs. The road extends to the larger of the two in the city: the Eastern Express Highway Sion Mulund and Western Express Highway Bandra to Borivali. Schools in Mumbai are “municipal schools” (for the most one-teacher schools by the BMC) or private schools (run by trusts and individuals), which in some cases receive financial help from the government. The schools are affiliated to the Maharashtra State Council (MSBSHSE), the All India Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISC) or the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) boards. Marathi or English is the normal language of instruction. Public schools run by the government lacks many services, but they are the only option for poorer residents who can not afford expensive private schools. Most universities in the city are affiliated with the University of Mumbai, one of the largest universities in the world in terms of number of graduates. The Indian Institute of Technology (Bombay), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) and the University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), which are first-class engineering schools in India and Technology and the University SNDT Women other universities are autonomous in Mumbai. Several television and Indian international Mumbai can be seen by the company’s Pay TV provider or local cable television. The city is also central to many international media companies, news channels and print publications with a significant presence. Cricket is the most well loved sport in the city (and country). Because of the shortage of land, various modified versions (generic name galli cricket) are played everywhere. Football (soccer) is a well loved sport in the city, with the World Cup by FIFA and the English Premier League continues to grow. Every February, Mumbai Run Derby at Mahalaxmi Racecourse. McDowell Derby is also held in February at the Turf Club in Mumbai. Interest in Formula One racing has increased in recent years and in 2008, Force India F1 Team was presented in Mumbai.